![]() ![]() It is attached to the outer spindle and consists lower clamping screw. Because it contains a scale on which 0 to 360 readings are graduated. The upper [late also consists two verniers with magnifiers which are arranged diagonally. When the upper clamping screw is tightened both upper and lower plates are attached and moved together with some relative motion because of upper tangent screw. It also consists an upper clamping screw with respect to tangents screw which helps to fixing it to the lower plate. The top surface of upper plate gives support to the standards. So, standards are also called as A-frame. The standards are the frames which supports telescope and allow it to rotate about vertical axis. Vertical arm helps to lock the telescope at desired level and horizontal arm is useful to take the measurements of vertical angles. It consists two arms vertical and horizontal. It is also called as t-frame or vernier frame. It has graduation in each quadrant numbered from 0 to 90degrees. Vertical circle is fitted to telescope and moves simultaneously with telescope. The graduations are up to an accuracy of 20’. It rotates about horizontal axis in vertical plane.
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